Spectral sensitivity of color-blind observers and the cone photopigments.

نویسندگان

  • V C Smith
  • J Pokorny
چکیده

A comparison was made between Dartnall’s standard shape for visual pigmentsand the spectral sensitivities of the short-, middle-, and long-wavelength sensitive cone receptormechanisms of man. Data from blue monocone monochromats, protanopes, and deuteranopeswere chosen as reliable estimates of each of the three classes of cone sensitivities. The short-wavelength sensitive mechanism fits the standard shape. The middleand long-wavelengthsensitive mechanisms have the same shape on a wavenumber axis but do not fit Dartnall’sstandard shape for visual pigments. The shape of the middleand long-wavelength sensitivemechanisms also describes some other published absorption spectra of visual pigments withhrnax> 520 nm, notably the iodopsins found in birds. R&m;&--On compare la courbe standard de Dartnall pour les pigments visuels avec lessensibilites spectrales des m&canismes; rkcepteurs des canes humains pour les courtes, moyenneset grandes longueurs d’onde. On utilise les donn&es; relatives aux monochromates ?t cBnes bleus,aux protanopes et aux deuteranopes comme des estimations strieuses de ces trois classes desensibilitls des cbnes. Le mCcanisme des courtes longueurs d’onde est en accord avec lacourbe standard. Les mkanismes sensibles aux moyennes et grandes longueurs d’onde ontla m&me; forme avec un axe en nombre d’ondes, mais ne sont pas en accord avec la courbestandard de Dartnall pour les pigments visuels. La forme de ces mCcanismes s’accorde aussiavec d’autres don&s; publi&s; sur l’absorption des pigments visuels tels que X, > 520 nm, enparticulier l’iodopsine trouvCe chez les oiseaux. Z:tsammenfassung-Die spektrale Empfindlichkeit der auf kurze, mittlere und lange Wellen-ILngen ansprechende Zapfenmechanismen wurde mit derjenigen der Standardform fiir Seh-stoffe (nach Dartnall) verglichen. Als verl%Bliche Schtitzung fiir die spektrale Empfindlichkeitwurden die Daten von Monochromaten, die nur blauempfindliche Zapfen sowie die von Prot-anopsn und Deuteranopen benutzt. Der fiir kurze Wellenl%ngen empfindliche Mechanismusstimmt mit der Dartnallschen Standardform iiberein. Die,fiir mittlere und lange Wellenl&ngen;empfindlichen Mechanismen haben, aufgetragen nber der Wellenzahl, die gleiche Gestalt. Siestimmen aber nicht mit der Dartnallschen Standardform fiir Sehstoffe iiberein. Die gefundeneForm der Empfindlichkeitskurven fir lange und mittlere Wellenltingen beschreibt such einigeandere veraffentlichte Absorptionsspektren von Sehstoffen mit A,,,,, > 520 nm, insbesonderedie des Iodopsins, das bei VGgeln gefunden wird. Pexove-Kblno cnenaH0 cpaaHeHae Memny craHnapTHoti *op~oii ~paBoi% AaprHonna nnn3pHTeJIbHbIXnHrMeHT0BIi CneKTpaJIbHOiiYyBCTBUTenbHOCTbK)KOn6OYeK 'WIOBeKa, YYBCTBHTeJIbHblXK KOpOTKO-,CpeAHeH AnWHHO-BOnHOBOtio6nacTu CIEKTpa. &HHbIe; CRHHX MOHOK-On6OYKO BblX MOHOXPOMBTOB, IIpOTaHOIIOB A AeBT’CpaHOIIOB 6bma Bbl6paHbl KaK HaAexHaB O:IeHKSL KaEAOrOFi3 T~XKJIEiCCOBKOJl60YKOB08YYBCTBKTCJIbHOCT&L; KOpOTKOBOJIHOBaR YYBCTBHTeJlbHOCTb COBl'IaAaeTCO CTaHAapTHOir +OpMOk CpeAHeK AJIHHHOBOJIHOBEUIYYBCTBHTCJlbHOCTb kiM'ZeTTY~KeCaM)'IO +OpMyHa OCU BOJlHOBbIX YHCCJI, HO He COBIIaAaeTCOCTaHAapTHOfi @OpMOti KpHBOfi ~ap+HOJUIaAJIR 3PUTeJlbHbIX IIHI-MCHTOB. @OpMa CPCAHC-HAJIHHHOBOnHOBOfi YyBCTBHTenbHOCTEi aH?UIOl-&iYlia;+OpMC HeKOTOPbIX ApyrKX OlT)'6JDiKOBaHHbIX CWKTPOB IIOrJlOlIIeHllR3pHTCJIbHbIX IIIITMCHTOB C Amax > 520 HM, a IiMeHHo I~OAOIICHHOB, HailAeHHblX y IITAU.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Modeling Trichromatic Color Appearance with Only Two Spectrally Distinct Photopigments

Protanomaly is a common abnormality of color vision in which the long wavelength sensitive cone is lacking. Protanomalous observers are trichromatic with reduced ability to discriminate colors in the red-green part of the spectrum because the photopigments that mediate discrimination in this range are abnormally similar differing in one of two ways; first, by only a few nanometers in peak sensi...

متن کامل

Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness

In this chapter, we introduce the molecular structure of the genes encoding the human cone photopigments and their expression in photoreceptor cells. We also consider the consequences that alterations in those genes have on the spectral sensitivity of the photopigments, the cone photoreceptor mosaic, and the perceptual worlds of the color normal and color blind individuals who possess them. Thr...

متن کامل

Aging and human cone photopigments.

We used a noninvasive technique to investigate changes in photoreceptor function with aging in observers 13-69 years of age. This technique, steady-state color matching, provides estimates of the optical density of cone photopigments, the illuminance that bleaches half of the photopigment, and the ratio of the primaries required at moderate light levels. In normal human retinas, we found that t...

متن کامل

Influence of cone pigment coexpression on spectral sensitivity and color vision in the mouse

The mouse retina contains both middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) and ultraviolet-sensitive (UV) photopigments that are coexpressed in cones. To examine some potential visual consequences of cone pigment coexpression, spectral sensitivity functions were measured in mice (Mus musculus) using both the flicker electroretinogram (ERG) and behavioral discrimination tests. Discrimination tests were also...

متن کامل

Increment threshold and purity discrimination spectral sensitivities of X-chromosome-linked color-defective observers

The goal of the study was to evaluate spectral opponency in nine X-chromosome-linked color-defective observers. The tasks included increment threshold spectral sensitivity on an achromatic background, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and colorimetric purity discrimination. With a task of heterochromatic flicker photometry, the anomalous trichromatic observers showed spectral sensitivity of t...

متن کامل

Color matching at high illuminances: photopigment optical density and pupil entry.

Changes in the effective optical density of the cones are sufficient to explain changes in color matches with retinal illuminance and pupil entry. We performed three experiments. In the first experiment, six observers made color matches under both bleached and unbleached conditions to a series of six standard wavelengths. The effects of bleaching could be modeled by a decrease in optical densit...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Vision research

دوره 12 12  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1972